游故宫必备词汇，附导游词中英对照-华南翻译市场11月8日，美国总统特朗普抵达北京，到京后特朗普的第一站就去了故宫。特朗普惊叹故宫建筑群的蔚?

游故宫必备词汇，附导游词中英对照-华南翻译市场

11月8日，美国总统特朗普抵达北京，到京后特朗普的第一站就去了故宫。特朗普惊叹故宫建筑群的蔚为壮观，对底蕴深厚、内涵丰富的中国传统文化深表赞叹。
那么，你知道要怎样用英文介绍故宫吗？下面就让我们来涨涨姿势吧~

故宫是从明朝中期到清朝末期的中国帝王宫殿。它坐落在中国北京中心，现在是故宫博物院。
The Forbidden City was the Chinese Imperial palace from the mid-Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty. It is located in the middle of Beijing, China. It now houses the Palace Museum.

故宫博物群包括800座建筑共8886个房间。占地720，000平方米。1987年故宫作为“明清皇陵”被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗址之一，其入选理由是世界现存最大的木制建筑。
The complex consists of 800 buildings with 8,886 rooms. It covers 720,000 squaremetres. The Forbidden City was declared a World Heritage Site in 1987 as the "Imperial Palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties",[1] and is listed by UNESCO as the largest collection of preserved ancient wooden structures in the world.

故宫前三殿分别是太和殿、中和殿和保和殿，是北京城中轴线上最恢宏壮丽的建筑篇章。
太和殿

太和殿俗称“金銮殿”，占地2377平方米，是故宫规模最大、也最重要的建筑。
Covering an area of 2,377 square meters, the Hall of Supreme Harmony is the biggest and most important piece of architecture in the Forbidden City.
中和殿

中和殿在太和殿的后面，是皇帝去太和殿举行大典前稍事休息和演习礼仪的地方。
The Hall of Central Harmony is located the back of thetaihetemple. Where the emperor to take a break before the ceremony and do a pre-exercise.
保和殿

保和殿也建于1420年，它在历史上曾用作不同用途，例如新年宴会和皇家婚礼。
The Hall of Preserving Harmony was also first built in 1420.It was used for different functions throughout history, such as Chinese New Year banquets and royal weddings.
以下是故宫重要景点英文词汇，拿好不谢！
午门 Meridian Gate
太和门 Gate of Supreme Harmony
乾清门 Gate of Heavenly Purity
神武门 Gate of Divine Prowess
东华门 East Prosperity Gate
太和殿 Hall of Supreme Harmony
中和殿 Hall of Central Harmony
保和殿 Hall of Preserving Harmony
养心殿 Hall of Mental Cultivation
交泰殿 Hall of Union
中正殿 Hall of Rectitude
奉先殿 Hall of Ancestral Worship
武英殿 Hall of Martial Valor
皇极殿 Hall of Imperial Zenith
乾清宫 Palace of Heavenly Purity
坤宁宫 Palace of Earthly Tranquility
翊坤宫 Palace of Earthly Honor
永和宫 Palace of Eternal Harmony
慈宁宫 Palace of Compassion and Tranquility
永寿宫 Palace of Eternal Longevity
钟翠宫 Palace of Accumulated Purity
景仁宫 Palace of Great Benevolence
储秀宫 Palace of Gathered Elegance
宁寿宫 Palace of Tranquil Longevity
咸福宫 Palace of Universal Happiness
寿康宫 Palace of Longevity and Health

故宫导游解说词
女士们、先生们：
今天有幸陪同大家一道参观，我感到很高兴。这里就是世界闻名的故宫博物馆，一般大家都简称它为故宫，顾名思义，就是昔日的皇家宫殿。自1911年清朝末代皇帝爱新觉罗.溥仪被迫宣告退位上溯至1420年明朝第三代永乐皇帝朱棣迁都于此，先后有明朝的14位，清朝的10位，共24位皇帝在这座金碧辉煌的宫城里统治中国长达五个世纪之久。帝王之家，自然规模宏大，气势磅礴，时至今日这里不仅在中国，在世界上也是规模最大，保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿建筑群。由于这座宫城集中体现了我国古代建筑艺术的优秀传统和独特风格，所以在建筑史上具有十分重要的地位，是建筑艺术的经典之作雷君君 ，1987年已被联合国教科文组织评定为世界文化遗产。
This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City. It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today. Under Ming Emperor Yongle死亡照相术 , construction began in 1406. It took 14years to build the Forbidden City. The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi. For five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .In 1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy.

故宫又称紫禁城，究其由来，是由天文学说和民间传说相互交融而形成的。中国古代天文学家将天上所有的星宿分为三垣、二十八宿、三十一天区。其中的三垣是指太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。紫微垣在三垣的中央，正符合“紫微居中”的说法。因此，古人认为紫外线微垣是天帝之座，故被称为紫宫。皇帝是天帝之子、人间至尊，因此他们也要模仿天帝，在自己宫殿的名字上冠其紫字，以表现其位居中央买卖惠，环视天下的帝王气概。还有一个说法就是指“紫气东来”。传说老子出函谷关，关令尹喜见有紫气从东来，知道将有圣人过关。果然老子骑了青牛前来，喜便请他写下了《道德经》。后人因此以“紫气东来”表示祥瑞。帝王之家当然希望出祥瑞天象，那么用“紫”字来命名也就顺理成章了。“禁”字的意思就比较明显了，那就是皇宫禁地，戒备森严，万民莫近。此话决无半个虚字，在1924年末代皇帝被逐出宫后这里正式开放以前平民百姓别想踏近半步，大家可以想像紫禁城过去是多么崇高威严，神圣不可侵犯啊！
It is believed that the Palace Museum, or Zi Jin Cheng (Purple Forbidden City), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan(North Star). The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace. Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. In folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher,LaoZi, to theHanghuPass. Here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. The word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.
紫禁城建在北京，是有其历史的，也因为这里是一块风水宝地，说起来话长。故宫从明永乐四年（1406）开始修建，用了14年的时间才基本建成，到今天已有570多年的历史。大家看到了，故宫是一级红墙黄瓦的建筑群，为什么这样呢？据道家阴阳五行学说认为，五行包括金，木，水，火，土，其中土占中央方位，因为华夏民族世代生息在黄土高原上，所以对黄色就产生了一种崇仰和依恋的感情，于是从唐朝起，黄色就成了代表皇家的色彩，其他人不得在服饰和建筑上使用。而红色，则寓意着美满，吉祥和富贵，正由于这些原因，故宫建筑的基本色调便采用了红，黄两种颜色。
The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. Red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people. Yellow became an imperial color during the Tangdynasty,when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

故宫占地72万多平方米，有宫殿楼阁9900多间，建筑面积约15万平方米。四周有高9.9米，号称10米的城墙，墙外一周是52米宽的护城河，俗称筒子河。城南北长约960米，东西宽约760米，城上四角各有一座结构奇异，和谐美观的角楼，呈八角形，人称九梁十八柱，七十二条脊。城四周各设一门，南面的正门是午门，北门叫神武门，东门叫东华门，西门叫西华门。
The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape. It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750meterwide fromeastwest. It has 9,900rooms undera total roof area 150,000 squaremeters .A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. Octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. There are four entrances into the city: the Meridian Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate(Gate of Military Prowess) to the north, and theXihuaGate(Gate of military Prowess) to the north, and theXihuaGate(Western Flowery Gate )to the west ,the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) to the east

故宫在施工中共征集了全国著名的工匠23万，民夫100万人。所用的建筑材料来自全国各地。比如汉白玉石料来自北京房山县，五色虎皮石来自河北蓟县的盘山，花岗石采自河北曲阳县。宫殿内墁地的方砖，烧制在苏州，砌墙用砖是山东临清烧的。宫殿墙壁上所用的红色，原料产自山东宣化（今高青县）的烟筒山。木料则主要来自湖广，江西，山西等省。由此也可以看出当时工程之浩大。
Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forbidden City. A total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. Marble was quarried fromfangshanCountry Mount Pan in Jixian County in Hebei Province. Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province. Paving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern China. Bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came fromlinqingin Shandong Province .Timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions

我们眼前的建筑叫午门。午门是紫禁城的正门，俗称五凤楼。明代，每年正月十五，午门都要悬灯赐食百官。到了清代这种活动就取消了。每年农历十月初一，都要在这里举行颁布次年年历仪式，清代乾隆年间因避乾隆帝“弘历”的名字，故将“颁历”改称“颁朔”。清代，皇帝举行朝会或大祀，以及元旦，冬至，万寿，大婚等重大节日，都要在这里陈设卤簿，仪仗。此外，国家凡有征战凯旋时，皇帝在午门接受献俘典礼，如果皇帝亲征也从午门出驾。
The structure in front of us is the Meridian Gate. It is the main entrance to the forbidden City. Itis also knowsas Wufenglou(Five-Phoenix Tower). Ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the Chinese lunar year inhornorof theircounties .They also used this place for punishingofficalsby flogging them with sticks.
Qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. Qing Emperor Qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement ofcalendar)to banshou(announcement ofnewmoon )to avoidcoincidentalassociation with another Emperor` s name, Hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. Qing Dynasty emperors also used this place to holdaudienceand for other important ceremonies. Forexample,whenthe imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield,itwas here that the Emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war
关于“推出午门斩首”的说法，可能是由于戏剧午台上及野史小说敷衍而来的。实际上是明代朝廷命官犯罪，有的在午门廷杖，当然严重的可能也有被当场打死的。

（进午门后金水桥前）
After entering the Meridian Gate and standing in front of the Five Marble Bridges on Golden Water River
现在我们已经到了故宫里面，在正式游览之前，我先介绍一下故宫的布局和参观路线。故宫占地72万多平方米，在这样大的面积上，集各种建筑手法，建造一组规模如此宏大的建筑群，不但没有纷杂现象，反而给人以结构严谨，色彩辉煌和布局规整的感觉，最主要的手段是建造中突出了一条极为明显的中轴红，这条中轴线和整座北京城有机地结为一体，北从钟楼，南至永定门，总长度约8公里，皇家禁区苑内的部分约占三分之一。宫内重要建筑都在这条中轴线上，其它建筑分东西对称分布。整个宫殿的设计和布局都表现了封建君主的“尊严”和对封建等级制度的森严。
now we are inside the Forbidden City.Before we start our tour, I would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patternsbefourus .To complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the City of Beijing. The Forbidden City covers roughly one –third of this central axis. Most of the important building in the Forbidden Citywereearranged along this line. The design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.
故宫分外朝内廷。现在我们在外朝的最南端正，滁州市教育局 前面是太和门。门前有一对青铜狮子，威严，凶悍，成了门前桥头的守卫者，象征着权力与尊严。皇帝贵为天子，门前的狮子自然最精美，最高大了。东边立的为雄狮，前爪下有一只幼狮，象征皇权永存，千秋万代。我们眼前的这条小河，叫金水河，起装饰和防水之用。河上五座桥象征孔子所提倡的五德：仁、义、礼、智、信川南人才网 。整条河外观象支弓，中轴线就是箭，这表明皇帝受命于天，代天帝治理国家。
The Forbidden City is divided into an outer and an inner count.We are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. In front of us lies the Gate of supremeHarmony .The gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. The lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. The one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. The other one is a female. Underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. The winding brook before us is the Golden Water River. It functions both as decoration and fire control .The five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by Confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites,intellenceand fidelity. The river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. This was meant to show that the Emperors ruled the country on behalf of God.

（在太和门前）
(In front of the Gate of Supreme Harmony)
故宫建筑分为“外朝”与“内廷”两大部分。由午门到乾清门之间的部分分为“外朝”，以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，东西两侧有文华、武英两组宫殿，左右对称，形成“外朝”雄伟壮观的格局。三大殿前后排列在同一个庞大的“工”字型汉白玉石殿基上，殿基高8米，分为三层，每层有汉白玉石刻栏杆围绕，三台中有三层石雕“御路”。太和殿俗称金銮殿，是故宫最高大的一座建筑物，也是国内最高大、最壮丽的古代木结构建筑。乾清门以内为“内廷”，建筑布局也是左右对称。中部为乾清宫，交泰殿、坤宁宫，是封建皇帝居住和处理日常政务的地方。两侧的东、西六宫是嫔妃的住所，东、西一所是皇子的住所。“内廷”还有为皇家游玩的三处花园——御花园、慈宁花园、乾隆花园长沙回售网。内金水河沿“内廷”西边蜿蜒绕过英武殿、太和门、文华殿流出宫外，河上有白玉石桥，沿河两岸有曲折多姿的白玉雕栏杆，形似玉带。故宫建筑绝大部分以黄琉璃瓦为顶，在阳光下金碧辉煌，庄严美观。
The Forbidden City consists of an outercountyardand an inner enclosure. The out count yard covers a vast space lying between the Meridian Gate and the Gate of Heavenly Purity. The “three big halls” of Supreme Harmony, Complete Harmony and Preserving Harmony constitute the center of this building group. Flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: Wenhua (Prominent Scholars) and Wuying (Brave Warriors) . The three great halls are built on a spacious “H”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, Each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. There are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .The hall of supreme Harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of China. From the palace of HeavenlyPurithnorthward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. In the center are the Palace of Heavenly Purity, the Hall of Union and Peace and Palace of Earthly Tranquility, a place where the Emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. Flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. There are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial Garden, Caning garden and Quailing garden. An inner Golden Water River flows eastwardly within the inner court. The brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the Forbidden City. It is spanned by the White Jade Bridge. The river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. Most of the structures within the Forbidden City have yellow glazed tile roofs.

故宫中的建筑除了突出中轴线外，还用了各种手法，使宫城中各组建筑独具特色。比如殿基的处理，殿顶的形式，吻兽和垂脊兽的数目，彩绘图案的规制等等。这样，不仅使主要建筑更显得高大，壮观梦幻抗日 ，而且还表现了宫中建筑的等级差别。民间传说故宫有房9999间半，说天上的皇宫一共有房10000间，地上的皇帝自称“天子”，不敢与其同数，所以就少了半间。这半间房在哪儿呢？它指的便是文渊阁西头那一小间。实际上紫禁城有房9000余间，所谓的这半间是根本不存在的。文渊阁西头一间，面积虽小，仅能容纳一个楼梯，但它仍是一整间。文渊阁楼下是藏我国第一部《四库全书》的地方，为了照顾布局上的美观，所以把西头一间建造的格外小。
Aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. With these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. Folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the Forbidden City. Since Paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the Son of Heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. It is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the Wenyuange Pavilion (imperial library). As a matter of fact, although the Forbidden City has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .The Wenyuange Pavilion is a library where “Si Ku Quan Shu”- China `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.
（经过太和门之后）
After walking past the Gate of Supreme Harmony)
女士们、先生们，前面的大殿叫太和殿，俗称金銮殿，是故宫内最大宫殿。建筑面积2377平方米，重檐庑殿顶，是殿宇中最高等级，为外朝三大殿中最大的一座。太和殿建在三层重叠的“工”字型须弥座上，由汉白玉雕成，离地8余米，下层台阶21级，中，上层各9级。
Ladies and Gentlemen, the great hall we are approachingisthe Hall of Supreme Harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the Forbidden City. This structure covers a total building space of 2,377 squaremeters,and isknowfor its upturned, multiple counterparteaves .The Hall of Supreme Harmony sits on a triple “H”-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases. The staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9
太和殿始建于公元1406年，经历了三次火灾和一次兵燹的毁坏，现在大家看到的是清朝建的。四个屋檐上各有一排动物，原来是钉子，用来固定瓦片用的，后来换成了神话传说中的动物，据说可以辟邪，而且数量越多，表明建筑越重要。太和殿上有9个，9是阳之极数，依次为7、5、3、1，平民百姓家是不允许有这种装饰的。
The construction of the Hall of Supreme Harmony began in 1406. It burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. The existing architecture was built during the Qing Dynasty. On the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. These animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. There are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. The number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled
明清两朝曾有24个皇帝在此登基，宣布即位诏书。元旦、冬至、皇帝生日、册立皇后、颁布法令、政令、派将出征、金殿传胪以及赐安等等篱落素素 ，皇帝都要在这里举行仪式，接受文武百官朝贺。
There was a total of 24 successive emperors during the Ming and Qing dynasties who were enthroned here. The ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the Winter Solstice, The Chinese Lunar New Year, the Emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals towar .On such occasions, the Emperor would holdaudiencefor his court officials and receive their tributes.
这个广场是太和殿广场，面积达3万平方米。整个广场无一草一木，空旷宁静，给人以森严肃穆的感觉。正中为御路，左右地面铺的砖横七竖八，共15层，以防有人挖地道进入皇宫。周围有一些大缸，是做什么用的呢？在故宫里一共有308个大缸，是用来储水防炎的，殷祝平缸下可烧炭加温，防止冬天缸水结冰。为什么要建这么大的广场呢·那是是为了让人们感觉到太和殿的雄伟壮观。站在下面向前望去：蓝天之下，黄瓦生辉。层层石台，如同白云，加上香烟缭绕，整个太和殿好像天上仙境一样。举行大典时，殿内的珐琅仙鹤盘上点上蜡烛，香亭、香炉烧檀香，露台上的铜炉、龟、鹤燃松柏枝，殿前两侧香烟缭绕，全场鸦雀无声。皇帝登上宝座时，鼓乐齐鸣，文武大臣按吕级跪伏在广场，仰望着云中楼阁山呼万岁，以显示皇帝无上权威与尊严。
This area is called the Hall of Supreme Harmony Square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, Without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. In the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the Emperor. On both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. The purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. In the countyard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. In the whole complex there arealtogher308 water vats. In wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .Why so vast a square? It was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. Imagine the following scene. Under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme Harmony into a fairyland. Whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. When the Emperor appeared李素晶, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. Civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.

清朝末代皇帝溥仪1908年底登基时，年仅3岁，由他父亲摄政王载沣把他抱扶到宝座上。当大典开始时差，突然鼓乐齐鸣，吓得小皇帝哭闹不止，嚷着要回家去。载沣急得满头大汗，只好哄着小皇帝说：“别哭，别哭，快完了，快完了！”大臣们认为此话不吉祥，说来也巧，3年后清朝果真就灭亡了，从而结束了我国2000多年的封建统治。
The last Qing emperor Puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, His father carried him to the throne. At the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared. He was so scared that he kept crying and shouting, “I don't want to stay here. I want to go home.” His father tried to soothe him, saying, “It'll all soon be finished. It'll all soon be finished” The ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. Coincidentally, the Qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded China’s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.
（在太和殿的石台上）
On the stone terrace of the Hall of Supreme Harmony
这是铜香炉，，是皇帝举行典礼时焚烧檀香用的。这里一共有18座，代表清朝18个省。殿外左右安放四个铜缸，象征”金瓯无缺“，作为贮水防火之用。台基东西两侧各有一只铜制仙鹤和龟，是长寿的象征。这个由铅铸造成的器具叫嘉量，嘉量是当时量的标准器，表示皇帝公平处事，谁半斤,谁八两，心中自然有数。对面还有一个石头做成的器具叫做日晷，是古代的测时仪。皇帝的意思是：量和时的基准都在自己手里。
This is a bronze incense burner. In it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions. There are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the Sing monarchs. On either side of the Hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. Next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity. This copper-cast grain measure is called “jialiang.” It served as the national standard during the Qing dynasty. It was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. On the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece. Thejialiangand the sundial were probably meant to show what the Emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time

太和殿正面有12根圆红柱，东西约63米，南北进深约37米，高35米，殿前丹陛三层五出，殿前后有金扉40个，金锁窗16个，整个大殿雕梁画栋，豪华富丽。殿内中央设有2米高的平台，上面摆放着雕有9条金龙的楠木宝座。后面有金漆围屏，前面有御案，左右有对称的宝象、角端、仙鹤、香筒等陈列品。象驮宝瓶，内装五谷，象征太平景象、五谷丰登。角端是我国古代神话传说中的一种神兽，可“日行一万八千里”，通晓四方语言，只有明君，它才捧书而至，护驾身旁。
In the very forefront of the Hall of Supreme Harmony, there are 12 scarlet, round pillars supporting the roof. The hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south. It is 35 meters in height. In front of this architecture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance. It has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. In the middle of the hall, a throne carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. Behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is an imperial desk. The flanks are decorated with elephants, Luduan (a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. The elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals (i. e. rice, two kinds In the very forefront of the Hall of Supreme Harmony, there are 12 scarlet, round pillars supporting the roof. The hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south. It is 35 meters in height. In front of this architecture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance. It has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. In the middle of the hall, a throne carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. Behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is an imperial desk. The flanks are decorated with elephants, Luduan (a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. The elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals (i. e. rice, two kinds
太和殿也叫金銮殿，为什么这么叫呢？因殿内为金砖墁地而得名。金砖墁地平整如镜，光滑细腻，像是洒了一层水，发着幽暗的光。那么金砖真的含金吗？其实这是一种用特殊方法烧制的砖，工艺考究，复杂，专为皇宫而制，敲起来有金石之声，所以称作“金砖”。烧这种砖，每一块相当于一石大米的价钱，可见金砖虽不含金，但也确实贵重。
The Hall of Supreme Harmony is also popularly known as Jinluan Dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall). The floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it. The so-called golden brick邓讴歌 , in fact, has nothing to do with gold. Reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. Each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter) ofric
殿内共有72根大主柱，支撑其全部重量，其中6根雕龙金柱，沥粉贴金，围绕着宝座周围。在殿中央有一藻井，是从古代“天井”和“天窗”形式演变面来，为中国古代建筑的特色之一。主要设置在“尊贵”的建筑物上，有“神圣”之意。在藻井中央部位，有一浮雕蟠龙，口衔一球（球为铜胎中空，外涂水银），此球叫轩辕镜，传说是远古时代轩辕黄帝制造的，悬球与藻井蟠龙联在起，构成游龙戏珠的形式，悬于帝王宝座上方，以示中国历代皇帝都是轩辕的子孙，是黄帝正统继承者。它使殿堂富丽堂皇，雍容华贵。镜下正好对着宝座，据说是袁世凯怕大球掉下来把他砸死，故将宝座向后挪到现在的位置。关于龙椅，这里面有段故事。1916年（民国五年）袁世凯登基时，把原来的宝座搬走了，换了一把西式高背大椅，上饰他自己设计的帝国徽号。据说他的腿短贺中平 ，因而将椅座降低。新中国成立后，为了寻找那把龙椅，根据过去的一张照片，在破家具库找到了一把破椅，经专家鉴定，这椅子就是皇帝宝座，后经修复展出。
The hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars. Of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne. Above the very center of this hall there is azaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the Specialities of China's ancient architecture. In the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. This copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the Xuanyuan Mirror and is thought to be made Xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. The placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of China's successive emperors are Zuanyuan's descendants and hereditary heirs. Now you might have noticed that the Xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. Why? It is rumored that Yuan Shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him. In 1916 when Yuan Shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a Western-style, high-back chair. After the foundation of the People's Republic of China in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse. It repaired and returned to the hall
（带客人至太和殿东或西侧铜缸处）
(Leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)
古人把陈设在殿堂皇屋宇前的大缸，称为“门海”，门海者，盖“门前大海”之意，古人相信，门前有大海，就不怕闹火灾。因此，大缸又称为吉祥缸。它既是陈设品，又是消防器材。在科学不民达的古代，宫中没有自来水，更没有消防器材。因此，缸内必须长年储满水以备不虞。
the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called “menhai,” or sea before the door by the ancient Chinese. They believed that with a sea by the door,firecould not wreak havoc. The vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. They were kept full of water all year round.
清代时，共有308口大缸，按其质量分类三种，即鎏金铜缸、烧古铜缸和铁缸，其中最珍贵的是鎏金铜缸。然而这些鎏金铜缸没有逃脱侵略者刺刀刮体的厄运。侵略者是谁？是英、美、德、法、俄、日、意、奥八国联军。为了镇压中国人民反帝的义和团运动，1900年的8月13日至8月15日，八国联军攻陷北京，进占紫禁城。救死扶伤和军官们烧、杀、抢、掠，从宫中及颐和园等处动掠夺的文物在各侵略国使馆区堆积如山，至今仍有大量文物被伦敦、巴黎、纽约博物馆攫为已有。这一切包括眼前这口缸上的道道刮痕都已成为帝国主义侵略中国的铁证。是伪统治时期，大缸被拉出宫门，装上日本侵略军的卡车，用去制作子弹，再反过来屠杀我国人民。
During the Qing Dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure. They were made of gilt bronze or iron. Of course, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. When the allied forces (Britain, Germany, France, Russia, the United States, Italy, Japan and Austria) invaded Beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the Boxer Rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. During the Japanese occupation of Beijing, many vats were trucked away by the Japanese to be made into bullets
（中和殿前）
In front of the Hall of Complete Harmony
眼前这个方形建筑是中和殿。皇帝举行大典前，先到此暂坐休息，会见一些官员。皇帝去天、地、日、月四坛祭祀时，前一天也要在中和殿里看祭文。每年二月皇帝到先家坛举行亲耕仪式，前一天要来这里阅视种子、农具、祝文。这里现在陈列的是乾隆年间的两面三刀顶肩舆，即八抬大轿
The square architecture before us is called the Hall of Complete Harmony. It served as an antechamber. The Emperor came here to meet with hiscountiersand add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral Temple. The seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here. The two Qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of Emperor Qianlong.

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